1. What is selective attention?
-
The ability to divide attention between multiple tasks
-
The process of focusing on a specific stimulus while ignoring others
-
The tendency to focus only on tasks of personal interest
-
The automatic processing of information without awareness
2. Which theory explains the ability to filter out irrelevant stimuli while focusing on a task?
-
Broadbent’s Filter Theory
-
Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
-
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
-
Skinner’s Behaviorist Theory
3. What is the "bottleneck" theory of attention?
-
Attention is a resource that can be divided equally
-
Attention has a limited capacity and processes one task at a time
-
Attention is always focused on the most relevant task
-
Attention can process unlimited stimuli simultaneously
4. Which cognitive mechanism allows individuals to concentrate in noisy environments?
-
Sustained attention
-
Divided attention
-
Selective attention
-
Automatic processing
5. What is the main role of the prefrontal cortex in attention?
-
Processing sensory stimuli
-
Controlling focus and cognitive control
-
Storing long-term memories
-
Coordinating physical movements
6. What is sustained attention?
-
The ability to focus on a task for an extended period
-
The ability to switch focus between tasks
-
The ability to filter out distractions
-
The tendency to focus on new stimuli
7. What is the Stroop effect used to measure?
-
Reaction times in divided attention tasks
-
The impact of distractions on working memory
-
The conflict between automatic and controlled processing
-
The efficiency of multitasking abilities
8. What is the primary challenge of multitasking?
-
Dividing memory resources
-
Processing tasks simultaneously
-
Managing the limited capacity of attention
-
Ignoring automatic processes
9. Which of the following best describes "distractibility"?
-
The inability to sustain attention on a task
-
The tendency to focus on irrelevant stimuli
-
The process of dividing attention across tasks
-
The automatic processing of repetitive tasks
10. The term "cognitive control" refers to:
-
Automatic processing of repetitive tasks
-
The ability to regulate thoughts and actions in pursuit of goals
-
The tendency to focus only on tasks of personal interest
-
The process of encoding sensory input
11. What is the primary goal of cognitive control?
-
To enhance multitasking capabilities
-
To suppress automatic responses and prioritize goals
-
To process stimuli without conscious effort
-
To store information in long-term memory
12. What is the key concept of Norman and Shallice’s supervisory attentional system?
-
Dividing attention across multiple tasks
-
Automatic processing dominates all cognitive tasks
-
Controlled processes override automatic responses when needed
-
All attention is allocated to long-term goals
13. The "attentional blink" phenomenon occurs when:
-
A stimulus is missed shortly after detecting another
-
Attention shifts from one task to another seamlessly
-
Attention is sustained for an extended period
-
Distractions are filtered out effectively
14. Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with attention?
-
Dopamine
-
Serotonin
-
Acetylcholine
-
GABA
15. What is the primary function of executive attention?
-
To enhance sensory perception
-
To manage and resolve conflicts between tasks or stimuli
-
To store visual information
-
To process auditory input
16. Which of the following is an example of divided attention?
-
Reading while listening to music
-
Listening to a lecture without distractions
-
Writing while ignoring background noise
-
Memorizing a list of words
17. The Yerkes-Dodson law explains the relationship between attention and:
-
Task similarity
-
Arousal and performance
-
Sensory input
-
Cognitive control
18. What does "task switching" refer to in cognitive control?
-
The process of multitasking effectively
-
Shifting attention between tasks with minimal disruption
-
Focusing on one task for extended periods
-
Ignoring distractions entirely
19. How does mindfulness training improve attention?
-
By increasing distractibility
-
By enhancing the ability to focus on the present moment
-
By reducing the need for selective attention
-
By eliminating the effects of multitasking
20. What is the key challenge in controlling attentional focus?
-
Managing automatic responses to irrelevant stimuli
-
Avoiding the encoding of sensory information
-
Sustaining attention indefinitely
-
Eliminating controlled processes
21. What is the primary role of working memory in attention?
-
Filtering sensory input
-
Holding and manipulating information for focused tasks
-
Dividing attention equally across tasks
-
Storing long-term memories
22. Which term describes the inability to focus on a single task due to excessive external stimuli?
-
Cognitive overload
-
Task switching
-
Sustained attention
-
Endogenous control
23. The dual-task paradigm is commonly used to study:
-
Multitasking and divided attention
-
The effects of cognitive control on memory
-
The storage capacity of sensory memory
-
The encoding of long-term memories
24. What is the role of attention in goal-directed behavior?
-
To enhance automatic responses
-
To prioritize and focus on tasks aligned with goals
-
To reduce task interference
-
To process all sensory stimuli equally
25. In attention studies, what is "multitasking"?
-
Alternating between tasks rapidly
-
Performing multiple tasks simultaneously
-
Focusing on one task for a long time
-
Ignoring all tasks except one
26. What is the primary challenge of sustained attention during repetitive tasks?
-
Managing distractions
-
Preventing mental fatigue
-
Increasing working memory capacity
-
Enhancing sensory processing
27. Which of the following tasks is an example of automatic processing?
-
Solving a complex math problem
-
Reading familiar words
-
Writing a detailed report
-
Analyzing data trends
28. What role does the "central executive" play in working memory?
-
Storing sensory information
-
Coordinating attention and cognitive processes
-
Encoding long-term memories
-
Filtering irrelevant stimuli
29. The "cocktail party effect" demonstrates the ability to:
-
Divide attention between multiple tasks
-
Focus on one conversation in a noisy environment
-
Sustain attention over long periods
-
Process multiple sensory inputs simultaneously
30. What is the primary purpose of attention in sensory processing?
-
To enhance multitasking abilities
-
To prioritize and focus on relevant stimuli
-
To automatically encode all sensory inputs
-
To sustain focus indefinitely