Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning: Behavioral Psychology Quiz

Questions (30)

1. What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment?

   • a) The presentation of food
   • b) The sound of a bell
   • c) The salivation of the dog
   • d) The experimental environment
   View Answer

   Correct The presentation of food

2. What term describes the automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?

   • a) Conditioned response
   • b) Unconditioned response
   • c) Neutral response
   • d) Reflexive response
   View Answer

   Correct Unconditioned response

3. What is "acquisition" in classical conditioning?

   • a) The process of presenting the unconditioned stimulus without the neutral stimulus
   • b) The inability to differentiate between stimuli
   • c) The elimination of the conditioned response
   • d) The phase where the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus
   View Answer

   Correct The phase where the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus

4. What is "extinction" in the context of classical conditioning?

   • a) The strengthening of a conditioned response
   • b) The elimination of a conditioned response due to repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
   • c) The formation of a new association
   • d) The spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response
   View Answer

   Correct The elimination of a conditioned response due to repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

5. What phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response reappears after a period of extinction?

   • a) Generalization
   • b) Spontaneous recovery
   • c) Discrimination
   • d) Habituation
   View Answer

   Correct Spontaneous recovery

6. What is "stimulus generalization" in classical conditioning?

   • a) The ability to respond differently to similar stimuli
   • b) The pairing of two unconditioned stimuli
   • c) The process of eliminating the conditioned response
   • d) The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
   View Answer

   Correct The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus

7. What is "stimulus discrimination"?

   • a) Responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
   • b) Learning to respond differently to distinct stimuli
   • c) The process of generalizing the response to a neutral stimulus
   • d) The pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
   View Answer

   Correct Learning to respond differently to distinct stimuli

8. What does "higher-order conditioning" involve?

   • a) Pairing a new neutral stimulus with an existing conditioned stimulus
   • b) Replacing the unconditioned stimulus with a different stimulus
   • c) Eliminating the conditioned response through extinction
   • d) Using rewards to strengthen conditioning
   View Answer

   Correct Pairing a new neutral stimulus with an existing conditioned stimulus

9. In Pavlov’s experiment, the dog salivating to the sound of the bell is an example of:

   • a) A conditioned response
   • b) An unconditioned response
   • c) A neutral response
   • d) Reflexive behavior
   View Answer

   Correct A conditioned response

10. What term describes an irrelevant stimulus that does not initially elicit a response?

    • a) Conditioned stimulus
    • b) Neutral stimulus
    • c) Unconditioned response
    • d) Reflexive stimulus
    View Answer

    Correct Neutral stimulus

11. What is the "conditioned stimulus" (CS) in Pavlov’s experiment?

    • a) The presentation of food
    • b) The sound of the bell after being paired with food
    • c) The salivation of the dog
    • d) The experimental setup
    View Answer

    Correct The sound of the bell after being paired with food

12. Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?

    • a) A student feeling anxious upon hearing the school bell
    • b) Learning to solve a math problem
    • c) Receiving praise for completing a task
    • d) Observing others and copying their behavior
    View Answer

    Correct A student feeling anxious upon hearing the school bell

13. What does the term "neutral stimulus" mean in classical conditioning?

    • a) A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
    • b) A stimulus that initially does not elicit any specific response
    • c) A stimulus that has been paired with a conditioned response
    • d) A stimulus that causes extinction of a response
    View Answer

    Correct A stimulus that initially does not elicit any specific response

14. What role does timing play in classical conditioning?

    • a) The unconditioned stimulus must always follow the conditioned stimulus
    • b) The conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus must be presented close together in time
    • c) Timing is irrelevant in classical conditioning
    • d) The unconditioned response must precede the neutral stimulus
    View Answer

    Correct The conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus must be presented close together in time

15. Which psychologist is most associated with classical conditioning?

    • a) B.F. Skinner
    • b) Ivan Pavlov
    • c) Albert Bandura
    • d) John Watson
    View Answer

    Correct Ivan Pavlov

16. What is "habituation" in classical conditioning?

    • a) Strengthening of a conditioned response
    • b) The reappearance of an extinguished response
    • c) Relearning a conditioned response after extinction
    • d) Decreasing response to a repeated stimulus over time
    View Answer

    Correct Decreasing response to a repeated stimulus over time

17. How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?

    • a) It involves voluntary behavior influenced by consequences
    • b) It focuses on involuntary responses triggered by stimuli
    • c) It always involves rewards and punishments
    • d) It is based on observational learning
    View Answer

    Correct It focuses on involuntary responses triggered by stimuli

18. In Pavlov's experiment, what process converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus?

    • a) Generalization
    • b) Pairing the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly
    • c) Spontaneous recovery
    • d) Extinction
    View Answer

    Correct Pairing the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly

19. Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

    • a) Salivating at the sound of a bell
    • b) Salivating when food is presented
    • c) Salivating when thinking about food
    • d) Not salivating to an unfamiliar stimulus
    View Answer

    Correct Salivating when food is presented

20. What is the term for a decrease in the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

    • a) Extinction
    • b) Habituation
    • c) Generalization
    • d) Spontaneous recovery
    View Answer

    Correct Extinction

21. Which scenario demonstrates classical conditioning in practice?

    • a) A cat learns to press a button to receive treats
    • b) A child cleans their room to avoid punishment
    • c) A student studies hard to receive a reward
    • d) A dog salivates at the sound of a can opener because it signals food
    View Answer

    Correct A dog salivates at the sound of a can opener because it signals food

22. What principle explains why people might feel nauseous when returning to a place where they previously got sick?

    • a) Stimulus generalization
    • b) Conditioned emotional response
    • c) Higher-order conditioning
    • d) Reflexive learning
    View Answer

    Correct Conditioned emotional response

23. In classical conditioning, what is the sequence of pairing stimuli during acquisition?

    • a) Conditioned stimulus followed by neutral stimulus
    • b) Neutral stimulus followed by unconditioned stimulus
    • c) Unconditioned response followed by neutral stimulus
    • d) Conditioned response followed by unconditioned stimulus
    View Answer

    Correct Neutral stimulus followed by unconditioned stimulus

24. How does "blocking" occur in classical conditioning?

    • a) When a previously learned association prevents the learning of a new one
    • b) When a conditioned stimulus is extinguished due to lack of pairing
    • c) When a response is generalized to other stimuli
    • d) When an unconditioned stimulus fails to elicit a response
    View Answer

    Correct When a previously learned association prevents the learning of a new one

25. What is "sensory preconditioning"?

    • a) When two neutral stimuli are paired before one becomes conditioned
    • b) When a conditioned response becomes a reflex
    • c) When generalization occurs across sensory modalities
    • d) When extinction happens during conditioning
    View Answer

    Correct When two neutral stimuli are paired before one becomes conditioned

26. Which of the following is an example of extinction in classical conditioning?

    • a) A cat begins meowing when it sees its food bowl
    • b) A student feels anxious every time they hear the school bell
    • c) A child starts crying when they hear thunder after a storm
    • d) A dog stops salivating at the sound of a bell when it is no longer paired with food
    View Answer

    Correct A dog stops salivating at the sound of a bell when it is no longer paired with food

27. What role does the conditioned stimulus play in classical conditioning?

    • a) It naturally elicits a response without prior learning
    • b) It triggers a response only after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus
    • c) It prevents the conditioned response from occurring
    • d) It always leads to extinction
    View Answer

    Correct It triggers a response only after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus

28. Which of the following demonstrates spontaneous recovery?

    • a) A conditioned response reappears after a rest period without further conditioning
    • b) A conditioned response diminishes over time
    • c) A dog begins to salivate at the sight of its food bowl
    • d) A stimulus fails to elicit a response due to extinction
    View Answer

    Correct A conditioned response reappears after a rest period without further conditioning

29. What is "aversive conditioning"?

    • a) Conditioning that uses pleasant stimuli to encourage a response
    • b) Conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unpleasant stimulus to discourage a behavior
    • c) Conditioning that eliminates conditioned responses
    • d) Conditioning that focuses on voluntary behavior
    View Answer

    Correct Conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unpleasant stimulus to discourage a behavior

30. What does the term "conditioned emotional response" refer to?

    • a) A reflexive reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
    • b) An emotional reaction learned through classical conditioning
    • c) An involuntary response to a stimulus over time
    • d) A naturally occurring emotional reaction
    View Answer

    Correct An emotional reaction learned through classical conditioning