Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning: Behavioral Psychology Quiz
Questions: 30
Questions
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1. What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment?
- a) The presentation of food
- b) The sound of a bell
- c) The salivation of the dog
- d) The experimental environment
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2. What term describes the automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
- a) Conditioned response
- b) Unconditioned response
- c) Neutral response
- d) Reflexive response
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3. What is "acquisition" in classical conditioning?
- a) The process of presenting the unconditioned stimulus without the neutral stimulus
- b) The inability to differentiate between stimuli
- c) The elimination of the conditioned response
- d) The phase where the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus
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4. What is "extinction" in the context of classical conditioning?
- a) The strengthening of a conditioned response
- b) The elimination of a conditioned response due to repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
- c) The formation of a new association
- d) The spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response
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5. What phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response reappears after a period of extinction?
- a) Generalization
- b) Spontaneous recovery
- c) Discrimination
- d) Habituation
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6. What is "stimulus generalization" in classical conditioning?
- a) The ability to respond differently to similar stimuli
- b) The pairing of two unconditioned stimuli
- c) The process of eliminating the conditioned response
- d) The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
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7. What is "stimulus discrimination"?
- a) Responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
- b) Learning to respond differently to distinct stimuli
- c) The process of generalizing the response to a neutral stimulus
- d) The pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
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8. What does "higher-order conditioning" involve?
- a) Pairing a new neutral stimulus with an existing conditioned stimulus
- b) Replacing the unconditioned stimulus with a different stimulus
- c) Eliminating the conditioned response through extinction
- d) Using rewards to strengthen conditioning
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9. In Pavlov’s experiment, the dog salivating to the sound of the bell is an example of:
- a) A conditioned response
- b) An unconditioned response
- c) A neutral response
- d) Reflexive behavior
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10. What term describes an irrelevant stimulus that does not initially elicit a response?
- a) Conditioned stimulus
- b) Neutral stimulus
- c) Unconditioned response
- d) Reflexive stimulus
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11. What is the "conditioned stimulus" (CS) in Pavlov’s experiment?
- a) The presentation of food
- b) The sound of the bell after being paired with food
- c) The salivation of the dog
- d) The experimental setup
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12. Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?
- a) A student feeling anxious upon hearing the school bell
- b) Learning to solve a math problem
- c) Receiving praise for completing a task
- d) Observing others and copying their behavior
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13. What does the term "neutral stimulus" mean in classical conditioning?
- a) A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
- b) A stimulus that initially does not elicit any specific response
- c) A stimulus that has been paired with a conditioned response
- d) A stimulus that causes extinction of a response
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14. What role does timing play in classical conditioning?
- a) The unconditioned stimulus must always follow the conditioned stimulus
- b) The conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus must be presented close together in time
- c) Timing is irrelevant in classical conditioning
- d) The unconditioned response must precede the neutral stimulus
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15. Which psychologist is most associated with classical conditioning?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) Ivan Pavlov
- c) Albert Bandura
- d) John Watson
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16. What is "habituation" in classical conditioning?
- a) Strengthening of a conditioned response
- b) The reappearance of an extinguished response
- c) Relearning a conditioned response after extinction
- d) Decreasing response to a repeated stimulus over time
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17. How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?
- a) It involves voluntary behavior influenced by consequences
- b) It focuses on involuntary responses triggered by stimuli
- c) It always involves rewards and punishments
- d) It is based on observational learning
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18. In Pavlov's experiment, what process converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus?
- a) Generalization
- b) Pairing the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly
- c) Spontaneous recovery
- d) Extinction
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19. Which of the following is an unconditioned response?
- a) Salivating at the sound of a bell
- b) Salivating when food is presented
- c) Salivating when thinking about food
- d) Not salivating to an unfamiliar stimulus
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20. What is the term for a decrease in the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
- a) Extinction
- b) Habituation
- c) Generalization
- d) Spontaneous recovery
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21. Which scenario demonstrates classical conditioning in practice?
- a) A cat learns to press a button to receive treats
- b) A child cleans their room to avoid punishment
- c) A student studies hard to receive a reward
- d) A dog salivates at the sound of a can opener because it signals food
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22. What principle explains why people might feel nauseous when returning to a place where they previously got sick?
- a) Stimulus generalization
- b) Conditioned emotional response
- c) Higher-order conditioning
- d) Reflexive learning
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23. In classical conditioning, what is the sequence of pairing stimuli during acquisition?
- a) Conditioned stimulus followed by neutral stimulus
- b) Neutral stimulus followed by unconditioned stimulus
- c) Unconditioned response followed by neutral stimulus
- d) Conditioned response followed by unconditioned stimulus
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24. How does "blocking" occur in classical conditioning?
- a) When a previously learned association prevents the learning of a new one
- b) When a conditioned stimulus is extinguished due to lack of pairing
- c) When a response is generalized to other stimuli
- d) When an unconditioned stimulus fails to elicit a response
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25. What is "sensory preconditioning"?
- a) When two neutral stimuli are paired before one becomes conditioned
- b) When a conditioned response becomes a reflex
- c) When generalization occurs across sensory modalities
- d) When extinction happens during conditioning
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26. Which of the following is an example of extinction in classical conditioning?
- a) A cat begins meowing when it sees its food bowl
- b) A student feels anxious every time they hear the school bell
- c) A child starts crying when they hear thunder after a storm
- d) A dog stops salivating at the sound of a bell when it is no longer paired with food
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27. What role does the conditioned stimulus play in classical conditioning?
- a) It naturally elicits a response without prior learning
- b) It triggers a response only after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus
- c) It prevents the conditioned response from occurring
- d) It always leads to extinction
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28. Which of the following demonstrates spontaneous recovery?
- a) A conditioned response reappears after a rest period without further conditioning
- b) A conditioned response diminishes over time
- c) A dog begins to salivate at the sight of its food bowl
- d) A stimulus fails to elicit a response due to extinction
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29. What is "aversive conditioning"?
- a) Conditioning that uses pleasant stimuli to encourage a response
- b) Conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unpleasant stimulus to discourage a behavior
- c) Conditioning that eliminates conditioned responses
- d) Conditioning that focuses on voluntary behavior
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30. What does the term "conditioned emotional response" refer to?
- a) A reflexive reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
- b) An emotional reaction learned through classical conditioning
- c) An involuntary response to a stimulus over time
- d) A naturally occurring emotional reaction
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