Core Theories of Behaviorism: Behavioral Psychology Test
Questions: 30
Questions
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1. Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
- a) Sigmund Freud
- b) B.F. Skinner
- c) John B. Watson
- d) Ivan Pavlov
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2. What is the main focus of behaviorism?
- a) The unconscious mind
- b) Observable behavior
- c) Cognitive processes
- d) Emotional responses
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3. Which concept is associated with B.F. Skinner's work in behaviorism?
- a) Classical conditioning
- b) Operant conditioning
- c) Observational learning
- d) Social learning
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4. What is "positive reinforcement" in operant conditioning?
- a) Decreasing behavior by removing a stimulus
- b) Strengthening behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus
- c) Decreasing behavior by adding a stimulus
- d) Strengthening behavior by removing a stimulus
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5. What is the term for a stimulus that naturally triggers a response without conditioning?
- a) Conditioned stimulus
- b) Unconditioned stimulus
- c) Neutral stimulus
- d) Primary reinforcer
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6. Who conducted the "Little Albert" experiment to demonstrate classical conditioning?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) Albert Bandura
- c) John B. Watson
- d) Ivan Pavlov
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7. What does "extinction" refer to in classical conditioning?
- a) The process of pairing stimuli
- b) The disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
- c) The strengthening of a conditioned response
- d) The reinforcement of behavior
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8. Which type of reinforcement schedule is based on providing reinforcement after a variable number of responses?
- a) Fixed-interval
- b) Variable-ratio
- c) Fixed-ratio
- d) Variable-interval
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9. Which term refers to a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?
- a) Unconditioned response
- b) Conditioned response
- c) Neutral response
- d) Unconditioned stimulus
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10. Which behaviorist developed the concept of "law of effect"?
- a) John B. Watson
- b) B.F. Skinner
- c) Edward Thorndike
- d) Albert Bandura
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11. What is the "Law of Effect" in behaviorism?
- a) Behaviors that are followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated
- b) Behavior is determined by unconscious desires
- c) Behavior is shaped through conditioning
- d) Behaviors that are punished are more likely to occur again
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12. What is "shaping" in operant conditioning?
- a) Reinforcing behavior through reward and punishment
- b) Gradually training a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
- c) Observing behavior to understand learning
- d) Modeling behavior through imitation
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13. What is "token economy" in behavioral psychology?
- a) A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers to be exchanged for rewards
- b) A form of classical conditioning involving token rewards
- c) A system of punishment for undesirable behavior
- d) A strategy for observing learned behaviors
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14. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
- a) Giving a treat after a dog performs a trick
- b) Taking away a student's homework after they behave well
- c) Giving a student extra homework for poor behavior
- d) Giving a child a toy as a reward
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15. What does "stimulus generalization" mean in classical conditioning?
- a) A learned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
- b) A stimulus produces a response without any prior conditioning
- c) A behavior is eliminated due to a lack of reinforcement
- d) A behavior becomes stronger due to reinforcement
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16. What does "stimulus discrimination" refer to?
- a) The ability to distinguish between different stimuli and respond appropriately
- b) The process of ignoring irrelevant stimuli
- c) The association of multiple stimuli with a single response
- d) The automatic response to any stimulus
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17. What is the focus of social learning theory in behavioral psychology?
- a) Learning through reinforcement and punishment
- b) Learning by observing and imitating others
- c) Learning through classical conditioning
- d) Learning through cognitive processes
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18. Who is known for the concept of "observational learning"?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) Albert Bandura
- c) John B. Watson
- d) Sigmund Freud
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19. Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?
- a) A child learning to behave by being rewarded for good actions
- b) A person feeling anxious when hearing a dentist's drill due to a past experience
- c) A student learning to study more after receiving good grades
- d) A dog sitting when given a treat as a reward
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20. Which type of conditioning involves the use of reinforcement or punishment to shape behavior?
- a) Classical conditioning
- b) Operant conditioning
- c) Observational learning
- d) Cognitive learning
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21. What is the "variable-interval" reinforcement schedule?
- a) Reinforcement given after a set amount of time has passed
- b) Reinforcement given after a random amount of time has passed
- c) Reinforcement given after a set number of responses
- d) Reinforcement given after a random number of responses
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22. What role does reinforcement play in behaviorism?
- a) It strengthens or weakens a behavior depending on its consequences
- b) It helps individuals understand the impact of their actions
- c) It is only used to increase positive behaviors
- d) It is used to eliminate unwanted behaviors
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23. What does "latent learning" refer to?
- a) Learning that occurs without reinforcement
- b) Learning that is actively practiced and observed
- c) Learning that is immediate and observable
- d) Learning through punishment and rewards
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24. What is "operant extinction"?
- a) The gradual decrease in a behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided
- b) The elimination of a behavior through punishment
- c) The replacement of behavior with new behaviors
- d) The process of strengthening a behavior over time
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25. What is the "fixed-interval" reinforcement schedule?
- a) Reinforcing behavior after a set number of responses
- b) Reinforcing behavior after a fixed amount of time
- c) Reinforcing behavior at random intervals
- d) Reinforcing behavior after a random number of responses
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26. What does "latent learning" mean in the context of behaviorism?
- a) Learning that is not immediately obvious but can be demonstrated when there is an incentive
- b) Learning that occurs through direct reinforcement
- c) Learning that is based on observation alone
- d) Learning that occurs by associating two stimuli
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27. What is the focus of Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs?
- a) Reinforcing behaviors through rewards
- b) Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
- c) Observational learning through social interactions
- d) Shaping behavior through reinforcement schedules
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28. Which concept in behaviorism involves gradually reinforcing small steps towards a desired behavior?
- a) Modeling
- b) Shaping
- c) Observational learning
- d) Extinction
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29. What is "extinction" in operant conditioning?
- a) The disappearance of a conditioned response when it is no longer reinforced
- b) The removal of all forms of reinforcement
- c) The introduction of a new stimulus
- d) The application of punishment to decrease behavior
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30. Who is associated with the concept of "social learning" in behaviorism?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) John B. Watson
- c) Albert Bandura
- d) Ivan Pavlov
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