What is "positive reinforcement" in operant conditioning?

Strengthening behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus

What does "extinction" refer to in classical conditioning?

The disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

What is the "Law of Effect" in behaviorism?

Behaviors that are followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated

What is "shaping" in operant conditioning?

Gradually training a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations

What is "token economy" in behavioral psychology?

A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers to be exchanged for rewards

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Taking away a student's homework after they behave well

What does "stimulus generalization" mean in classical conditioning?

A learned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

What does "stimulus discrimination" refer to?

The ability to distinguish between different stimuli and respond appropriately

What is the focus of social learning theory in behavioral psychology?

Learning by observing and imitating others

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?

A person feeling anxious when hearing a dentist's drill due to a past experience

Core Theories of Behaviorism: Behavioral Psychology Test

Explore the fundamentals of behavioral psychology with our MCQ exam. Test your knowledge of key concepts, theories and real-world applications. Perfect for students and psychology enthusiasts.

Questions (30)

Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
- a) Sigmund Freud
- b) B.F. Skinner
- c) John B. Watson
- d) Ivan Pavlov
View Answer

Correct John B. Watson
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
- a) The unconscious mind
- b) Observable behavior
- c) Cognitive processes
- d) Emotional responses
View Answer

Correct Observable behavior
Which concept is associated with B.F. Skinner's work in behaviorism?
- a) Classical conditioning
- b) Operant conditioning
- c) Observational learning
- d) Social learning
View Answer

Correct Operant conditioning
What is "positive reinforcement" in operant conditioning?
- a) Decreasing behavior by removing a stimulus
- b) Strengthening behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus
- c) Decreasing behavior by adding a stimulus
- d) Strengthening behavior by removing a stimulus
View Answer

Correct Strengthening behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus
What is the term for a stimulus that naturally triggers a response without conditioning?
- a) Conditioned stimulus
- b) Unconditioned stimulus
- c) Neutral stimulus
- d) Primary reinforcer
View Answer

Correct Unconditioned stimulus
Who conducted the "Little Albert" experiment to demonstrate classical conditioning?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) Albert Bandura
- c) John B. Watson
- d) Ivan Pavlov
View Answer

Correct John B. Watson
What does "extinction" refer to in classical conditioning?
- a) The process of pairing stimuli
- b) The disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
- c) The strengthening of a conditioned response
- d) The reinforcement of behavior
View Answer

Correct The disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
Which type of reinforcement schedule is based on providing reinforcement after a variable number of responses?
- a) Fixed-interval
- b) Variable-ratio
- c) Fixed-ratio
- d) Variable-interval
View Answer

Correct Variable-ratio
Which term refers to a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?
- a) Unconditioned response
- b) Conditioned response
- c) Neutral response
- d) Unconditioned stimulus
View Answer

Correct Conditioned response
Which behaviorist developed the concept of "law of effect"?
- a) John B. Watson
- b) B.F. Skinner
- c) Edward Thorndike
- d) Albert Bandura
View Answer

Correct Edward Thorndike
What is the "Law of Effect" in behaviorism?
- a) Behaviors that are followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated
- b) Behavior is determined by unconscious desires
- c) Behavior is shaped through conditioning
- d) Behaviors that are punished are more likely to occur again
View Answer

Correct Behaviors that are followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated
What is "shaping" in operant conditioning?
- a) Reinforcing behavior through reward and punishment
- b) Gradually training a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
- c) Observing behavior to understand learning
- d) Modeling behavior through imitation
View Answer

Correct Gradually training a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
What is "token economy" in behavioral psychology?
- a) A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers to be exchanged for rewards
- b) A form of classical conditioning involving token rewards
- c) A system of punishment for undesirable behavior
- d) A strategy for observing learned behaviors
View Answer

Correct A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers to be exchanged for rewards
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
- a) Giving a treat after a dog performs a trick
- b) Taking away a student's homework after they behave well
- c) Giving a student extra homework for poor behavior
- d) Giving a child a toy as a reward
View Answer

Correct Taking away a student's homework after they behave well
What does "stimulus generalization" mean in classical conditioning?
- a) A learned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
- b) A stimulus produces a response without any prior conditioning
- c) A behavior is eliminated due to a lack of reinforcement
- d) A behavior becomes stronger due to reinforcement
View Answer

Correct A learned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
What does "stimulus discrimination" refer to?
- a) The ability to distinguish between different stimuli and respond appropriately
- b) The process of ignoring irrelevant stimuli
- c) The association of multiple stimuli with a single response
- d) The automatic response to any stimulus
View Answer

Correct The ability to distinguish between different stimuli and respond appropriately
What is the focus of social learning theory in behavioral psychology?
- a) Learning through reinforcement and punishment
- b) Learning by observing and imitating others
- c) Learning through classical conditioning
- d) Learning through cognitive processes
View Answer

Correct Learning by observing and imitating others
Who is known for the concept of "observational learning"?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) Albert Bandura
- c) John B. Watson
- d) Sigmund Freud
View Answer

Correct Albert Bandura
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?
- a) A child learning to behave by being rewarded for good actions
- b) A person feeling anxious when hearing a dentist's drill due to a past experience
- c) A student learning to study more after receiving good grades
- d) A dog sitting when given a treat as a reward
View Answer

Correct A person feeling anxious when hearing a dentist's drill due to a past experience
Which type of conditioning involves the use of reinforcement or punishment to shape behavior?
- a) Classical conditioning
- b) Operant conditioning
- c) Observational learning
- d) Cognitive learning
View Answer

Correct Operant conditioning
What is the "variable-interval" reinforcement schedule?
- a) Reinforcement given after a set amount of time has passed
- b) Reinforcement given after a random amount of time has passed
- c) Reinforcement given after a set number of responses
- d) Reinforcement given after a random number of responses
View Answer

Correct Reinforcement given after a random amount of time has passed
What role does reinforcement play in behaviorism?
- a) It strengthens or weakens a behavior depending on its consequences
- b) It helps individuals understand the impact of their actions
- c) It is only used to increase positive behaviors
- d) It is used to eliminate unwanted behaviors
View Answer

Correct It strengthens or weakens a behavior depending on its consequences
What does "latent learning" refer to?
- a) Learning that occurs without reinforcement
- b) Learning that is actively practiced and observed
- c) Learning that is immediate and observable
- d) Learning through punishment and rewards
View Answer

Correct Learning that occurs without reinforcement
What is "operant extinction"?
- a) The gradual decrease in a behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided
- b) The elimination of a behavior through punishment
- c) The replacement of behavior with new behaviors
- d) The process of strengthening a behavior over time
View Answer

Correct The gradual decrease in a behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided
What is the "fixed-interval" reinforcement schedule?
- a) Reinforcing behavior after a set number of responses
- b) Reinforcing behavior after a fixed amount of time
- c) Reinforcing behavior at random intervals
- d) Reinforcing behavior after a random number of responses
View Answer

Correct Reinforcing behavior after a fixed amount of time
What does "latent learning" mean in the context of behaviorism?
- a) Learning that is not immediately obvious but can be demonstrated when there is an incentive
- b) Learning that occurs through direct reinforcement
- c) Learning that is based on observation alone
- d) Learning that occurs by associating two stimuli
View Answer

Correct Learning that is not immediately obvious but can be demonstrated when there is an incentive
What is the focus of Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs?
- a) Reinforcing behaviors through rewards
- b) Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
- c) Observational learning through social interactions
- d) Shaping behavior through reinforcement schedules
View Answer

Correct Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
Which concept in behaviorism involves gradually reinforcing small steps towards a desired behavior?
- a) Modeling
- b) Shaping
- c) Observational learning
- d) Extinction
View Answer

Correct Shaping
What is "extinction" in operant conditioning?
- a) The disappearance of a conditioned response when it is no longer reinforced
- b) The removal of all forms of reinforcement
- c) The introduction of a new stimulus
- d) The application of punishment to decrease behavior
View Answer

Correct The disappearance of a conditioned response when it is no longer reinforced
Who is associated with the concept of "social learning" in behaviorism?
- a) B.F. Skinner
- b) John B. Watson
- c) Albert Bandura
- d) Ivan Pavlov
View Answer

Correct Albert Bandura

Core Theories of Behaviorism: Behavioral Psychology Test

Questions (30)

Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?

What is the main focus of behaviorism?

Which concept is associated with B.F. Skinner's work in behaviorism?

What is "positive reinforcement" in operant conditioning?

What is the term for a stimulus that naturally triggers a response without conditioning?

Who conducted the "Little Albert" experiment to demonstrate classical conditioning?

What does "extinction" refer to in classical conditioning?

Which type of reinforcement schedule is based on providing reinforcement after a variable number of responses?

Which term refers to a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

Which behaviorist developed the concept of "law of effect"?

What is the "Law of Effect" in behaviorism?

What is "shaping" in operant conditioning?

What is "token economy" in behavioral psychology?

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

What does "stimulus generalization" mean in classical conditioning?

What does "stimulus discrimination" refer to?

What is the focus of social learning theory in behavioral psychology?

Who is known for the concept of "observational learning"?

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?

Which type of conditioning involves the use of reinforcement or punishment to shape behavior?

What is the "variable-interval" reinforcement schedule?

What role does reinforcement play in behaviorism?

What does "latent learning" refer to?

What is "operant extinction"?

What is the "fixed-interval" reinforcement schedule?

What does "latent learning" mean in the context of behaviorism?

What is the focus of Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs?

Which concept in behaviorism involves gradually reinforcing small steps towards a desired behavior?

What is "extinction" in operant conditioning?

Who is associated with the concept of "social learning" in behaviorism?

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