Core Theories of Behaviorism: Behavioral Psychology Test

Questions: 30

Questions
  • 1. Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?

    • a) Sigmund Freud
    • b) B.F. Skinner
    • c) John B. Watson
    • d) Ivan Pavlov
  • 2. What is the main focus of behaviorism?

    • a) The unconscious mind
    • b) Observable behavior
    • c) Cognitive processes
    • d) Emotional responses
  • 3. Which concept is associated with B.F. Skinner's work in behaviorism?

    • a) Classical conditioning
    • b) Operant conditioning
    • c) Observational learning
    • d) Social learning
  • 4. What is "positive reinforcement" in operant conditioning?

    • a) Decreasing behavior by removing a stimulus
    • b) Strengthening behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus
    • c) Decreasing behavior by adding a stimulus
    • d) Strengthening behavior by removing a stimulus
  • 5. What is the term for a stimulus that naturally triggers a response without conditioning?

    • a) Conditioned stimulus
    • b) Unconditioned stimulus
    • c) Neutral stimulus
    • d) Primary reinforcer
  • 6. Who conducted the "Little Albert" experiment to demonstrate classical conditioning?

    • a) B.F. Skinner
    • b) Albert Bandura
    • c) John B. Watson
    • d) Ivan Pavlov
  • 7. What does "extinction" refer to in classical conditioning?

    • a) The process of pairing stimuli
    • b) The disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
    • c) The strengthening of a conditioned response
    • d) The reinforcement of behavior
  • 8. Which type of reinforcement schedule is based on providing reinforcement after a variable number of responses?

    • a) Fixed-interval
    • b) Variable-ratio
    • c) Fixed-ratio
    • d) Variable-interval
  • 9. Which term refers to a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

    • a) Unconditioned response
    • b) Conditioned response
    • c) Neutral response
    • d) Unconditioned stimulus
  • 10. Which behaviorist developed the concept of "law of effect"?

    • a) John B. Watson
    • b) B.F. Skinner
    • c) Edward Thorndike
    • d) Albert Bandura
  • 11. What is the "Law of Effect" in behaviorism?

    • a) Behaviors that are followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated
    • b) Behavior is determined by unconscious desires
    • c) Behavior is shaped through conditioning
    • d) Behaviors that are punished are more likely to occur again
  • 12. What is "shaping" in operant conditioning?

    • a) Reinforcing behavior through reward and punishment
    • b) Gradually training a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations
    • c) Observing behavior to understand learning
    • d) Modeling behavior through imitation
  • 13. What is "token economy" in behavioral psychology?

    • a) A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers to be exchanged for rewards
    • b) A form of classical conditioning involving token rewards
    • c) A system of punishment for undesirable behavior
    • d) A strategy for observing learned behaviors
  • 14. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

    • a) Giving a treat after a dog performs a trick
    • b) Taking away a student's homework after they behave well
    • c) Giving a student extra homework for poor behavior
    • d) Giving a child a toy as a reward
  • 15. What does "stimulus generalization" mean in classical conditioning?

    • a) A learned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
    • b) A stimulus produces a response without any prior conditioning
    • c) A behavior is eliminated due to a lack of reinforcement
    • d) A behavior becomes stronger due to reinforcement
  • 16. What does "stimulus discrimination" refer to?

    • a) The ability to distinguish between different stimuli and respond appropriately
    • b) The process of ignoring irrelevant stimuli
    • c) The association of multiple stimuli with a single response
    • d) The automatic response to any stimulus
  • 17. What is the focus of social learning theory in behavioral psychology?

    • a) Learning through reinforcement and punishment
    • b) Learning by observing and imitating others
    • c) Learning through classical conditioning
    • d) Learning through cognitive processes
  • 18. Who is known for the concept of "observational learning"?

    • a) B.F. Skinner
    • b) Albert Bandura
    • c) John B. Watson
    • d) Sigmund Freud
  • 19. Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning in everyday life?

    • a) A child learning to behave by being rewarded for good actions
    • b) A person feeling anxious when hearing a dentist's drill due to a past experience
    • c) A student learning to study more after receiving good grades
    • d) A dog sitting when given a treat as a reward
  • 20. Which type of conditioning involves the use of reinforcement or punishment to shape behavior?

    • a) Classical conditioning
    • b) Operant conditioning
    • c) Observational learning
    • d) Cognitive learning
  • 21. What is the "variable-interval" reinforcement schedule?

    • a) Reinforcement given after a set amount of time has passed
    • b) Reinforcement given after a random amount of time has passed
    • c) Reinforcement given after a set number of responses
    • d) Reinforcement given after a random number of responses
  • 22. What role does reinforcement play in behaviorism?

    • a) It strengthens or weakens a behavior depending on its consequences
    • b) It helps individuals understand the impact of their actions
    • c) It is only used to increase positive behaviors
    • d) It is used to eliminate unwanted behaviors
  • 23. What does "latent learning" refer to?

    • a) Learning that occurs without reinforcement
    • b) Learning that is actively practiced and observed
    • c) Learning that is immediate and observable
    • d) Learning through punishment and rewards
  • 24. What is "operant extinction"?

    • a) The gradual decrease in a behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided
    • b) The elimination of a behavior through punishment
    • c) The replacement of behavior with new behaviors
    • d) The process of strengthening a behavior over time
  • 25. What is the "fixed-interval" reinforcement schedule?

    • a) Reinforcing behavior after a set number of responses
    • b) Reinforcing behavior after a fixed amount of time
    • c) Reinforcing behavior at random intervals
    • d) Reinforcing behavior after a random number of responses
  • 26. What does "latent learning" mean in the context of behaviorism?

    • a) Learning that is not immediately obvious but can be demonstrated when there is an incentive
    • b) Learning that occurs through direct reinforcement
    • c) Learning that is based on observation alone
    • d) Learning that occurs by associating two stimuli
  • 27. What is the focus of Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs?

    • a) Reinforcing behaviors through rewards
    • b) Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
    • c) Observational learning through social interactions
    • d) Shaping behavior through reinforcement schedules
  • 28. Which concept in behaviorism involves gradually reinforcing small steps towards a desired behavior?

    • a) Modeling
    • b) Shaping
    • c) Observational learning
    • d) Extinction
  • 29. What is "extinction" in operant conditioning?

    • a) The disappearance of a conditioned response when it is no longer reinforced
    • b) The removal of all forms of reinforcement
    • c) The introduction of a new stimulus
    • d) The application of punishment to decrease behavior
  • 30. Who is associated with the concept of "social learning" in behaviorism?

    • a) B.F. Skinner
    • b) John B. Watson
    • c) Albert Bandura
    • d) Ivan Pavlov

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