Memory Models and Theories: MCQ Quiz on Long-Term and Short-Term Memory
Questions: 30
Questions
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1. What is memory?
- a) The ability to forget information
- b) The process of encoding, storing and retrieving information
- c) The storage of data on a computer
- d) The ability to speak fluently
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2. Which of the following is the main function of short-term memory?
- a) To retain information for long periods
- b) To process sensory input
- c) To temporarily hold information for immediate use
- d) To permanently store life experiences
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3. What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller's theory?
- a) 3-5 items
- b) 5-9 items
- c) 9-12 items
- d) 12-15 items
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4. Which model suggests that memory has three stages: sensory memory- short-term memory- and long-term memory?
- a) Working Memory Model
- b) Levels of Processing Theory
- c) Multi-Store Model of Memory
- d) Semantic Memory Model
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5. Which of the following is an example of long-term memory?
- a) Remembering your phone number
- b) Recalling a friend's name after meeting them for the first time
- c) Recognizing a familiar face in a crowd
- d) Remembering your childhood memories
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6. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model- what is the first stage of memory processing?
- a) Sensory memory
- b) Short-term memory
- c) Long-term memory
- d) Working memory
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7. Which of the following is NOT part of the working memory model?
- a) Phonological loop
- b) Visuospatial sketchpad
- c) Central executive
- d) Long-term storage
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8. In the Levels of Processing Theory, which type of processing leads to the deepest encoding of information?
- a) Shallow processing
- b) Deep processing
- c) Structural processing
- d) Semantic processing
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9. What is the phenomenon of "chunking" in memory?
- a) Breaking down information into smaller units to aid memory
- b) Storing information in long-term memory
- c) Using repetition to encode information
- d) Memorizing in small bits over time
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10. What is the duration of short-term memory without rehearsal?
- a) Approximately 15-30 seconds
- b) Approximately 1-5 minutes
- c) Approximately 60-90 seconds
- d) Approximately 1-2 hours
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11. Which of the following best describes the process of rehearsal in short-term memory?
- a) The process of encoding information into long-term memory
- b) The process of repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory
- c) The process of forgetting irrelevant information
- d) The process of converting sensory input to perceptions
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12. What does the term "semantic memory" refer to?
- a) Memory for personal experiences
- b) Memory for facts and general knowledge
- c) Memory for visual information
- d) Memory for physical sensations
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13. Which of the following is a retrieval cue for long-term memory?
- a) Seeing an object that reminds you of a past event
- b) Repeating an item to yourself
- c) Writing down notes
- d) Speaking aloud to recall information
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14. What is the "serial position effect" in memory?
- a) The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more easily than the middle ones
- b) The tendency to recall only items that were rehearsed
- c) The tendency to forget items in the middle of a list
- d) The tendency to recall memories from recent experiences
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15. In which part of the brain is long-term memory primarily stored?
- a) Prefrontal cortex
- b) Hippocampus
- c) Amygdala
- d) Cerebellum
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16. What is the process of transferring information from short-term to long-term memory called?
- a) Consolidation
- b) Encoding
- c) Retrieval
- d) Chunking
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17. Which of the following is true about implicit memory?
- a) It requires conscious effort to recall
- b) It involves factual information and personal experiences
- c) It involves unconscious memory, such as skills and habits
- d) It is part of short-term memory
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18. What does the term "episodic memory" refer to?
- a) Memory for facts and knowledge
- b) Memory for events and experiences
- c) Memory for motor skills
- d) Memory for sensory stimuli
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19. Which of the following is a limitation of the multi-store model of memory?
- a) It doesn't account for working memory
- b) It doesn't explain long-term memory storage
- c) It only focuses on sensory memory
- d) It is based on a limited number of studies
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20. What is the "primacy effect" in memory recall?
- a) The tendency to remember the first items in a list better than others
- b) The tendency to remember the last items in a list better than others
- c) The tendency to forget the middle items in a list
- d) The tendency to forget information after it is rehearsed
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21. What is the phenomenon known as "memory decay"?
- a) The gradual loss of information over time
- b) The process of encoding new information into long-term memory
- c) The failure to retrieve information from long-term memory
- d) The inability to remember sensory details
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22. What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
- a) It plays a key role in encoding and storing long-term memories
- b) It is involved in visual and spatial memory
- c) It stores working memory
- d) It helps in retrieval of memories
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23. Which of the following is a characteristic of long-term memory?
- a) It has a limited capacity
- b) It has an unlimited capacity
- c) It only stores visual information
- d) It holds information temporarily
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24. What type of memory is primarily responsible for remembering your phone number?
- a) Short-term memory
- b) Long-term memory
- c) Procedural memory
- d) Sensory memory
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25. What is the function of the "visuospatial sketchpad" in the working memory model?
- a) It processes auditory information
- b) It helps store and manipulate visual and spatial information
- c) It controls attention and focuses cognitive resources
- d) It stores verbal information
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26. Which theory suggests that memory is a network of interconnected concepts?
- a) Working Memory Model
- b) Levels of Processing Theory
- c) Semantic Network Theory
- d) Multi-Store Model
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27. What is the effect of rehearsal on short-term memory?
- a) It increases the duration and helps transfer information to long-term memory
- b) It prevents information from entering short-term memory
- c) It decreases the storage capacity of short-term memory
- d) It improves retrieval from sensory memory
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28. What is the definition of "sensory memory"?
- a) Memory for facts and events
- b) The initial stage of memory where sensory input is stored briefly
- c) Memory for procedural tasks
- d) Memory that lasts for hours or days
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29. Which of the following is a characteristic of long-term memory?
- a) It has a limited capacity
- b) It has a temporary storage duration
- c) It is permanent and can store vast amounts of information
- d) It can only store sensory data
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30. In the Working Memory Model, what is the primary function of the central executive?
- a) To rehearse verbal information
- b) To store visual data
- c) To control attention and coordinate other components
- d) To process and store auditory input
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